Learn everything you need to know about orchid care with this easy guide for beginners. Tips on watering, light, and more!
Orchids are gorgeous flowering plants that are celebrated for their exquisite and diverse blooms. From the lush rainforests of the tropics to temperate woodlands, orchids have adapted to a variety of environments. They can be found growing on tree trunks (epiphytes) or in the ground (terrestrial). So their beauty and variety make them a favorite among gardeners and flower enthusiasts.
I’ve grown a few orchids during my gardening life and have enjoyed their precious blooms. Some thrived and others didn’t survive, so I’ve learned a lot along the way. While orchids might seem intimidating to grow, they aren’t difficult to grow and can thrive with the right care. Here’s a guide to get you started!
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About Orchids
Orchids are often seen as the royalty of the plant world, renowned for their exquisite beauty and diversity. With over 28,000 species and countless hybrids, they come in a dazzling array of colors, shapes, and sizes. From the delicate petals of the Moth Orchid to the intricate patterns of the Lady Slipper, orchids have captivated plant enthusiasts for centuries.
While their intricate blooms may seem delicate, orchids are surprisingly hardy and adaptable. They can be found in almost every habitat on Earth, from tropical rainforests to temperate woodlands. Whether growing on tree branches as epiphytes or rooted in the ground, orchids have evolved fascinating strategies to thrive in their environments. This adaptability, combined with their undeniable beauty, makes them a beloved choice for both novice and experienced plant lovers alike.

Choosing the Right Orchid
With thousands of orchid species, it’s helpful to start with types known for being beginner-friendly. Phalaenopsis (Moth Orchids) and Paphiopedilum (Slipper Orchids) are excellent choices.
Orchid Care: The Best Potting Mix
Orchids need a well-draining potting mix that allows their roots to breathe. A standard mix consists of:
- Orchid Bark: Provides excellent air circulation.
- Perlite: Improves drainage and prevents the mix from becoming soggy.
- Sphagnum Moss: Helps retain moisture.
Some orchids might prefer slight variations in the mix. For example, coconut husk chips can be used instead of bark.
But I can’t stress enough the importance of air circulation for orchids. Thus, a coarse orchid bark mix that allows for good airflow around the roots will give your plant a great foundation for success. I also recommends repotting orchids with fresh potting mix every 1-2 years to ensure optimal drainage and aeration.

Light Requirements
Orchids generally prefer bright, indirect light. Avoid placing them in direct sunlight, which can scorch their leaves. An east-facing window is often ideal. Keep in mind they need at least six hours of bright, indirect light. While some orchids can tolerate varying light levels, ample light is crucial for optimal flowering.
Humidity
Most orchids thrive in humidity levels between 50-70%. You can increase humidity by:
- Grouping plants together.
- Using a humidifier.
- Placing a tray of water near the orchids.
Orchids can absorb moisture and nutrients through their leaves. It’s a good idea to mist the leaves regularly, especially in dry environments. You can also try using a specialized orchid mist infused with nutrients like marine plant extracts, humic acid, and fulvic acid for an extra boost.

Temperature
Maintain a comfortable temperature range for your orchids. Most prefer daytime temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C) and slightly cooler temperatures at night. Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations.
Air Circulation
Good air circulation is vital to prevent fungal diseases. Ensure your orchids are in a well-ventilated area or use a small fan to provide gentle air movement.

Watering Orchids
Proper watering is essential for orchid health. Here are some key points to remember:
- Water Quality: Use distilled water, rainwater, or filtered water to avoid mineral buildup.
- Pot Type: Terracotta pots dry out faster than plastic pots, so you’ll need to water more frequently if using terracotta.
- Check the Mix: Before watering, check the potting mix. It should be mostly dry but not bone-dry.
- Watering Technique: Water thoroughly, allowing the water to drain completely from the pot. Empty any excess water from the saucer to prevent root rot.
- Frequency: Watering frequency depends on factors like temperature, humidity, and pot type. As a general rule, water when the potting mix has partially dried out.
- Avoid Wet Leaves: Try to avoid getting water on the leaves and flowers, as this can lead to diseases.
I can’t stress enough the importance of proper watering. You can help gauge moisture levels by feeling the weight of the pot. A heavy pot indicates sufficient moisture, while a lighter pot means it’s time to water. Don’t allow water to sit in the crown or leaf joints of the plant, as this can lead to rot. Turning the orchid to the side after watering helps drain excess water.
Watering Orchids With Ice Cubes: Some will recommend using an ice cube to water orchids. This is mainly because it is believed to provide the right amount of water for the plant. However, that ice cold water will shock the roots of your orchid that can potentially harm your plant as it is not natural in nature. If you are concerned about how much you are watering, add that ice cube to a cup, let it melt and then water your orchid.
Orchid Care: Fertilizing
Orchids need regular feeding to flourish:
- Fertilizer Type: Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer formulated for orchids, such as a 20-20-20.
- Dilution: Dilute the fertilizer to half or even quarter strength of the package instructions.
- Frequency: Fertilize every 2-4 weeks during the growing season (spring to fall). Reduce or stop fertilizing in winter when the plant is dormant.
- Application: Apply the fertilizer solution to the potting mix, ensuring it’s evenly distributed. Avoid getting fertilizer on the leaves.
- Flushing: Once a month, flush the pot with clear water to remove excess fertilizer salts.

Orchid Care: Repotting
Orchids typically need repotting every 2-3 years or when you notice the following:
- Roots growing out of the drainage holes.
- The potting mix is decomposing rapidly.
- The plant is becoming unstable in the pot.
How to Repot Orchids: a Step-by-Step Guide
- Gather materials: You’ll need a new pot (slightly larger than the old one), fresh potting mix, and sharp scissors or pruning shears.
- Remove the orchid from its old pot and gently remove the old potting mix.
- Prune any dead, mushy, or brown roots. Healthy roots should be firm and white or green.
- Place a small amount of fresh potting mix in the new pot.
- Position the orchid in the center of the pot, spreading out its roots.
- Fill the pot with potting mix, gently firming it around the roots. Leave about 1-2 inches of space between the top of the mix and the rim of the pot.
- Water thoroughly to settle the potting mix.
Troubleshooting Problems
- Yellowing leaves: May indicate overwatering, underwatering, or nutrient deficiencies.
- Lack of blooms: Could be due to insufficient light, improper temperature, or inadequate fertilization.
If you encounter problems, research the specific symptoms or consult with your local cooperative extension, a local orchid society, or orchid expert.

Final Thoughts About Orchid Care
Enjoy your orchids! With proper care and attention, your orchids will reward you with their stunning blooms for years to come.
For more information about growing orchids as houseplants, please see this article from the Penn State Cooperative Extension.
To drill down on houseplant care basics and growing an indoor garden that thrives, please read my articles:
- Easy Houseplants for Busy People: The Low-Maintenance Approach to Growing an Indoor Garden
- From Shop to Home: How to Acclimate Your Tropical Plants
- Stop Guessing and Master Watering Indoor Plants Like a Pro
- How to Revive Houseplants You Thought Were Goners
- Is Your Houseplant Getting Enough Light? Here’s How to Tell.
Thank you for visiting the blog today!
Enjoy your day! xo

